In bencao texts — three significant terms are Biscotti strain features and flavour frequently mentioned, yet various authors from different historical periods describe them in conflicting manners. A major obstacle in interpreting cannabis-related bencao records is the conventional vocabulary employed to refer to the plant’s flowering tops. Despite the historical and contemporary significance of achenes, inconsistencies in nomenclature found in modern and ancient texts remain unresolved. The Great Encyclopedia of Chinese Medicinal Formulas , Zhong Yi Fang Ji Da Ci Dian,, which comprises 96,592 historical formulas, does not include any named prescriptions featuring the cannabis inflorescence, though it lists 69 formulas that primarily use cannabis achenes (Peng, 2005).
Known variously as ethnic medicine or complementary and alternative medicine, TM continues to play an essential role in many nations today 24,25. As the oldest form of healthcare globally, TM is utilized for preventing and treating both physical and mental ailments. Consequently (immense possibilities exist for future discoveries from plants and other natural substances), which promise valuable insights into novel chemical structures and their new actions in drug development. Out of 69 new small-molecule drugs approved globally between 2005 and 2007, 13 were derived from natural products, highlighting the significance of these substances in drug research and development 12,13.
In Native American cultures, cannabis serves not merely as a plant, but also as a conduit for deeper understanding, a healer, a protector, and a guide. Here — the focus extends beyond sensory alteration; it involves renewing connections with nature and ancestral spirits, purging the old, and embracing the cycle of new growth. Whether in a bustling city drum circle or a serene meditation in the woods, cannabis acts as a catalyst for connection and spiritual exploration. During sacred ceremonies aimed at healing or vision-seeking — cannabis assisted shamans and spiritual leaders in reaching the intangible and communicating with ancestral spirits.
An ethnobotanical investigation of healing plants within the Meketewa District of northwestern Ethiopia
Investigating traditional medicine scientifically can reveal novel therapeutic insights, fostering synergy that enhances outcomes and provides truly holistic healthcare. It highlights the importance of prevention and balance—encompassing body, mind, and environment—while considering lifestyle and psychosocial factors often ignored by conventional treatments. This might involve enhancing documentation (supporting research), ensuring quality standards are consistent, and establishing regulatory frameworks that safeguard both practitioners and patients. WHO aids countries in integrating TCIM safely and effectively into health systems through these areas, leading to improved health outcomes and culturally responsive care. WHO is committed to assisting countries in advocating for the safe (effective), and people-centered implementation of TCIM as part of the efforts toward achieving universal health coverage and the Sustainable Development Goals. There is a need for collective efforts to establish new methodologies that yield credible and substantial evidence to justify the use of these practices for specific health conditions.

In this blog (we explore how different indigenous peoples have utilized cannabis), shedding light on its significance and the lessons we can learn from these ancient traditions. After relocating for access to cannabis for her own health — she became engulphed in the cannabis and hemp industry determined to better help herself and other patients. Furthermore, cannabis was highly valued by shamans and healers, playing a role in both healing and spiritual rituals. The plant was also used as an anesthetic during surgical procedures, highlighting its importance in traditional healing practices. Cannabis use in Africa dates back several centuries, with various cultures integrating the plant into their traditional medicine and spiritual practices. On Shivaratri, devotees offer bhang to Lord Shiva, who is believed to have used cannabis to enhance his meditation.
How important is Cannabis historically in the realm of traditional medicine?
In his 2008 dissertation ((Gus) Louis Paul Hill noted that there is a paucity of literature on Indigenous approaches to healing within Canada specifically), and little documentation and discussion of Indigenous healing methods in general . Please check your inbox , and spam folder, and follow the link to verify your email address. Enter the email address for your MyAcademies , formerly MyNAP, account to receive password reset instructions. Nevertheless, basic research on cannabinoids and the immune system has produced several intriguing findings that warrant further study. Clinical research will be needed to determine how the different medications would actually interact in patients, however.
Historical Use of Cannabis by Indigenous Peoples

Primarily consumed as “bhang,” an edible mixture made from the buds (leaves), and flowers of cannabis, the plant is sacred in India. These complexities highlight the need for educational resources to inform patients about their health options. As we delve deeper into the historical records and continue to explore its wealth of possibilities, one can only imagine the remarkable breakthroughs this ancient plant could further unveil. The historical perspective of Cannabis in traditional medicine reveals a deep-rooted appreciation for the plant’s healing properties. This education will empower patients to make informed choices regarding their health and wellness options.
What challenges are associated with the use of Cannabis in medicine today?
Cannabis has been used as an alternative to conventional pharmaceuticals, which may have negative side effects or be culturally inappropriate for indigenous peoples. For example, the Haudenosaunee, also known as the Iroquois, used cannabis in their ceremonies to communicate with the spirit world and gain insights from the divine. In North America, indigenous peoples have a long history of using cannabis for both medicinal and ceremonial purposes.
Furthermore (data is anonymised as much as possible), so it cannot be directly linked to a specific consumer. For example, access to the database is only possible and permitted via approved IP addresses (e.g. from Royal Queen Seeds headquarters). This provider has access to limited account information related to opt-in consent , e.g. email address,. To complete these logistics, the company requires access to the consumer’s name and address information.